Arch Post-Installation Checklist
Passwords & User Creation
Make sure root has a password.
Make sure you have a primary user set up.
sudo useradd -m -u <id -ge 1000> -g users -G wheel,games,video,audio,optical,storage,scanner,power <user> sudo passwd <user>
/etc/fstab
Time Zone
sudo ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/<region>/<city> /etc/localtime sudo hwclock --systohc
Localization
Un-comment your desired locales in /etc/locale.conf, then run
sudo locale-gen
If you don't have the default /etc/locale.gen file:
sudo rm /etc/locale.gen sudo pacman -Syu glibc
Edit /etc/locale.conf as you see fit
/etc/locale.conf
LANG=en_US.UTF-8 LANGUAGE=en_US LC_COLLATE=POSIX LC_MESSAGES=C LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8 LC_NUMERIC=en_US.UTF-8 LC_TIME=en_US.UTF-8 LC_MONETARY=en_US.UTF-8 LC_PAPER=en_US.UTF-8 LC_NAME=en_US.UTF-8 LC_ADDRESS=en_US.UTF-8 LC_TELEPHONE=en_US.UTF-8 LC_MEASUREMENT=en_US.UTF-8 LC_IDENTIFICATION=en_US.UTF-8
Set up /etc/vconsole.conf with a keymap and (optionally) a font:
/etc/vconsole.conf
KEYMAP=us FONT=Lat2-Terminus16
Initramfs
Look for and edit the following lines:
/etc/mkinitcpio.conf
MODULES=([amdgpu|bochs_drm|cirrus|i915|nouveau|(nvidia nvidia_modeset nvidia_uvm nvidia_drm)] [ehci_pci usb_storage]>) HOOKS=(base udev autodetect modconf block [zfs] filesystems keyboard fsck [encrypt] keymap consolefont) COMPRESSION=lz4
Networking
Host Name
Make sure a host name is set in /etc/hostname
Then edit /etc/hosts
/etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain locahost ::1 localhost.localdomain localhost 127.0.1.1 <hostname>.localdomain <hostname>
Static Addressing
Use systemd-networkd when a machine will use a static address without consulting a DHCP server.
IPv4 Only
/etc/systemd/network/network.network
[Match] MACAddress=<mac-address> [Network] Address=<ipv4-address>/<mask> DNS=<ipv4-address> Gateway=<ipv4-address> LinkLocalAddressing=no IPv6AcceptRA=no
IPv4 & IPv6
/etc/systemd/network/network.network
[Match] MACAddress=<mac-address> [Network] Address=<ipv6-address>/<mask> DNS=<ipv6-address> Gateway=<ipv6-address> Address=<ipv4-address>/<mask> DNS=<ipv4-address> Gateway=<ipv4-address>
Dynamic Addressing
It's preferable to use connman or Network Manager for dynamic addresses as systemd-networkd doesn't play well with interfaces coming and going.
If you'd rather use systemd-networkd for DHCP:
/etc/systemd/network/network.network
[Match] MACAddress=<mac-address> [Network] DHCP=yes [DHCP] UseMTU=true
IPTables Firewall
/etc/iptables/iptables.rules
# SIMPLE STATEFUL FIREWALL *filter :INPUT DROP [0:0] :FORWARD DROP [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [100308:88697975] :TCP - [0:0] :UDP - [0:0] -A INPUT -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 8 -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j DROP -A INPUT -p udp -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -j UDP -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,ACK SYN -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -j TCP -A INPUT -p udp -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-port-unreachable -A INPUT -p tcp -j REJECT --reject-with tcp-reset -A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-proto-unreachable # OPEN NECESSARY PORTS HERE -A TCP -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -m comment --comment "ssh" -A TCP -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -m comment --comment "http" -A TCP -p tcp -m tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT -m comment --comment "https" -A TCP -p tcp -m tcp --dport 465 -j ACCEPT -m comment --comment "smtps" -A TCP -p tcp -m tcp --dport 587 -j ACCEPT -m comment --comment "starttls" -A TCP -p tcp -m tcp --dport 873 -j ACCEPT -m comment --comment "rsync" -A TCP -p tcp -m tcp --dport 993 -j ACCEPT -m comment --comment "imaps" -A TCP -p tcp -m tcp --dport 64738 -j ACCEPT -m comment --comment "mumble tcp" -A UDP -p udp -m udp --dport 64738 -j ACCEPT -m comment --comment "mumble udp" COMMIT
Packages
Mirror List
Install and use reflector to automate the use and selection of mirrors.
sudo pacman -Syu reflector sudo reflector -c <country> -p https -l 5 --sort rate --save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
Yay
Make sure you have the base-devel group installed.
sudo pacman -Syu --needed base-devel
Create a directory where AUR build files will go
sudo mkdir /var/lib/pacman/aur sudo chmod 1777 /var/lib/pacman/aur $ mkdir /var/lib/pacman/aur/$(whoami)
Build yay.
$ cd /var/lib/pacman/aur/$(whoami) $ git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/yay.git $ cd yay $ makepkg -Ccisr
The create the configuration file.
~/.config/yay/config.json
{
"aururl": "https://aur.archlinux.org",
"buildDir": "/var/lib/pacman/aur/$USER",
"editor": "nano",
"editorflags": "",
"makepkgbin": "makepkg",
"makepkgconf": "",
"pacmanbin": "pacman",
"pacmanconf": "/etc/pacman.conf",
"tarbin": "bsdtar",
"redownload": "no",
"rebuild": "no",
"answerclean": "none",
"answerdiff": "all",
"answeredit": "",
"answerupgrade": "0",
"gitbin": "git",
"gpgbin": "gpg",
"gpgflags": "",
"mflags": "",
"sortby": "votes",
"gitflags": "",
"removemake": "yes",
"requestsplitn": 150,
"sortmode": 0,
"completionrefreshtime": 7,
"sudoloop": false,
"timeupdate": false,
"devel": true,
"cleanAfter": false,
"gitclone": true,
"provides": true,
"pgpfetch": true,
"upgrademenu": true,
"cleanmenu": true,
"diffmenu": true,
"editmenu": true,
"combinedupgrade": false,
"useask": false
}
General Utilities
These packages supplement the base system.
yay -Syu --needed dnsutils fail2ban git haveged hddtemp htop lm_sensors lynx nano ncdu openssh pacman-contrib pkgfile polkit ranger rsync sudo unzip vim w3m whois
The havaged service can be enabled and started right away as no configuration is needed.
sudo systemctl enable --now haveged
Your sensors need to be configured before starting the lm_sensors service.
Note: This package is useless inside a VM.
sudo sensors-detect sudo systemctl enable --now lm_sensors
Don't start fail2ban or sshd quite yet as they have configuration that needs to be done.
Docker
This is only needed for OnlyOffice
yay -Syu docker sudo systemctl enable --now docker
These packages are needed to set up your own e-mail service.
yay -Syu --needed dovecot mutt pigeonhole postfix redis rspamd swaks
Nginx Web Server and Reverse Proxy
These packages are typically used when setting up web applications like MediaWiki or Wordpress.
yay -Syu --needed apache-tools ca-certificates certbot-nginx mariadb nginx php-{acpu,fpm,gd,imagick,intl,redis,sodium} postgresql
Fail2Ban
/etc/fail2ban/jail.local
[DEFAULT] bantime = 1d destemail = root@bwt.com.de sender = fail2ban@bwt.com.de action = %(action_mwl)s
/etc/fail2ban/jail.d/sshd.local
[sshd] enabled = true filter = sshd banaction = iptables backend = systemd maxretry = 5 findtime = 1d bantime = 2w ignoreip = 127.0.0.1/8
/etc/fail2ban/jail.d/postfix-ispmail.local
[postfix-ispmail] enabled = true filter = postfix port = smtp,submission banaction = iptables backend = systemd maxretry = 5 findtime = 1d bantime = 2w ignoreip = 192.99.246.231/32
/etc/fail2ban/filter.d/postfix-ispmail.conf
[INCLUDES] before = common.conf [Definition] _daemon = postfix(-\w+)?/(?:submission/|smtps/)?smtp[ds] failregex = ^%(__prefix_line)slost connection after AUTH from \S+\[<HOST>\]$ ignoreregex = [Init] journalmatch = _SYSTEMD_UNIT=postfix.service
SSH Setup
Look for and edit the following lines in /etc/ssh/sshd_config:
/etc/ssh/ssd_config
Port <port> AddressFamily <any|inet|inet6> ListenAddress <ip4-address> ListenAddress <ip6-address> LogLevel VERBOSE PermitRootLogin prohibit-password PubkeyAuthentication yes PasswordAuthentication no PermitEmptyPasswords no ChallengeResponseAuthentication no UsePAM yes AllowUsers <space-separated-list-of-users> AllowAgentForwarding no AllowTcpForwarding no
Then make sure the sshd service is enabled and running:
sudo systemctl enable --now sshd
MariaDB
Data Directory
If you want to put your databases somewhere other than the default /var/lib/mysql:
sudo mkdir <dir> sudo chown -R mysql:mysql <dir>
tmpfs for tmpdir
The directory used by MariaDB for storing temporary files is named tmpdir. For example, it is used to perform disk based large sorts, as well as for internal and explicit temporary tables.
Create the directory with appropriate permissions:
sudo mkdir -pv <dir> sudo chown mysql:mysql <dir>
Find the id and gid of the mysql user and group:
$ id mysql
uid=27(mysql) gid=27(mysql) groups=27(mysql)
Add to your /etc/fstab file.
/etc/fstab
# Static information about the filesystems. # See fstab(5) for details. # <file system> <dir> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> ... tmpfs /srv/sqltmp tmpfs rw,noatime,gid=933,uid=993,size=100M,mode=0750 0 0 ...
Configuration File
/etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf
... [mysqld] ... datadir=<dir> skip-networking tmpdir=<dir> ...
Initial Setup
sudo mariadb-install-db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr --datadir=<dir>
Start the Server
sudo systemctl enable --now mariadb
Security Settings
sudo mysql_secure_installation
Create a user:
$ mysql -u root -p
MariaDB> CREATE USER '<user>'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '<password>'; MariaDB> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON <database>.* TO '<USER>'@'localhost'; MariaDB> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; MariaDB> quit
Redis
Redis is used by several programs, including rspamd (e-mail), NextCloud, OnlyOffice, and Wordpress (optional).
By default, redis is already configured to bind to 127.0.0.1:6379, but the Unix socket is not enabled.
/etc/redis.conf
... # Unix socket. # # Specify the path for the Unix socket that will be used to listen for # incoming connections. There is no default, so Redis will not listen # on a unix socket when not specified. # unixsocket /run/redis/redis.sock unixsocketperm 700 ...
You will also need to add users to the redis group so processes can access redis
for username in http rspamd; do sudo usermod -G redis ${username}; done
Postfix
Create MariaDB Databases for Postfix
CREATE DATABASE MAIL; CREATE USER 'mailuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '<password>'; CREATE USER 'mailadmin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '<password>'; GRANT ALL ON MAIL.* TO 'mailadmin'@'localhost'; GRANT SELECT ON MAIL.* TO 'mailuser'@'localhost';
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `MAIL`.`virtual_domains` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment, `name` varchar(50) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `MAIL`.`virtual_users` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment, `domain_id` int(11) NOT NULL, `email` varchar(100) NOT NULL, `password` varchar(150) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`), UNIQUE KEY `email` (`email`), FOREIGN KEY (domain_id) REFERENCES virtual_domains(id) ON DELETE CASCADE ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `MAIL`.`virtual_aliases` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment, `domain_id` int(11) NOT NULL, `source` varchar(100) NOT NULL, `destination` varchar(100) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`), FOREIGN KEY (domain_id) REFERENCES virtual_domains(id) ON DELETE CASCADE ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Configure Postfix to Use MariaDB
/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-domains.cf
user = mailuser password = <password> hosts = unix:/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock dbname = MAIL query = SELECT 1 FROM virtual_domains WHERE name='%s'
/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-maps.cf
user = mailuser password = <password> hosts = unix:/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock dbname = MAIL query = SELECT 1 FROM virtual_users WHERE email='%s'
/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-alias-maps.cf
user = mailuser password = <password> hosts = unix:/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock dbname = MAIL query = SELECT destination FROM virtual_aliases WHERE source='%s'
/etc/postfix/mysql-email2email.cf
user = mailuser password = <password> hosts = unix:/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock dbname = MAIL query = SELECT email FROM virtual_users WHERE email='%s'
sudo postconf virtual_mailbox_domains=mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-domains.cf sudo postconf virtual_mailbox_maps=mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-maps.cf sudo postconf virtual_alias_maps=mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-alias-maps.cf,mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-email2email.cf sudo chgrp postfix /etc/postfix/mysql-*.cf sudo chmod 640 /etc/postfix/mysql-*.cf
Dovecot
sudo groupadd -g 5000 vmail sudo useradd -g vmail -u 5000 vmail -d /srv/imap -m sudo chown -R vmail:vmail /srv/mail sudo cp /usr/share/doc/dovecot/example-config/dovecot.conf /etc/dovecot sudo cp -r /usr/share/doc/dovecot/example-config/conf.d /etc/dovecot
/etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf
... #!include auth-system.conf.ext !include auth-sql.conf.ext ...
/etc/dovecot/conf.d/auth-sql.conf.ext
...
#userdb {
# driver = sql
# args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext
#}
...
userdb {
driver = static
args = uid=vmail gid=vmail home=/srv/mail/%n@%d
}
/etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf
...
mail_location = maildir:/srv/mail/%n@%d/Maildir
...
namespace inbox {
...
separator = .
...
}
...
/etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-master.conf
...
service lmtp {
unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/dovecot-lmtp {
group = postfix
mode = 0600
user = postfix
}
...
}
...
service auth {
...
# Postfix smtp-auth
unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth {
mode = 0660
user = postfix
group = postfix
}
...
}
...
/etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-ssl.conf
... ssl = yes ... ssl_cert = </etc/letsencrypt/live/<domain>/fullchain.pem ssl_key = </etc/letsencrypt/live/<domain>/privkey.pem ... ssl_ca = </etc/letsencrypt/live/<domain>/chain.pem ...
/etc/dovecot/conf.d/15-mailboxes.conf
...
mailbox INBOX.Drafts {
special_use = \Drafts
auto = subscribe
}
mailbox INBOX.Junk {
special_use = \Junk
auto = subscribe
autoexpunge = 30d
}
mailbox INBOX.Trash {
special_use = \Trash
auto = subscribe
autoexpunge = 30d
}
mailbox INBOX.Sent {
special_use = \Sent
auto = subscribe
}
...
/etc/dovecot/conf.d/20-imap.conf
...
protocol imap {
# Space separated list of plugins to load (default is global mail_plugins).
mail_plugins = $mail_plugins imap_sieve
...
}
/etc/dovecot/conf.d/20-lmtp.conf
...
protocol lmtp {
# Space separated list of plugins to load (default is global mail_plugins).
mail_plugins = $mail_plugins sieve
...
}
/etc/dovecot/conf.d/90-sieve.conf
... sieve_after = /etc/dovecot/sieve-after ... sieve_plugins = sieve_imapsieve sieve_extprograms ... # From elsewhere to Junk folder imapsieve_mailbox1_name = Junk imapsieve_mailbox1_causes = COPY imapsieve_mailbox1_before = file:/etc/dovecot/sieve/learn-spam.sieve # From Junk folder to elsewhere imapsieve_mailbox2_name = * imapsieve_mailbox2_from = Junk imapsieve_mailbox2_causes = COPY imapsieve_mailbox2_before = file:/etc/dovecot/sieve/learn-ham.sieve sieve_pipe_bin_dir = /etc/dovecot/sieve sieve_global_extensions = +vnd.dovecot.pipe }
sudo mkdir /etc/dovecot/sieve{-after,}
/etc/dovecot/sieve-after/spam-to-folder.sieve
require ["fileinto","mailbox"];
if header :contains "X-Spam" "Yes" {
fileinto :create "INBOX.Junk";
stop;
}
/etc/dovecot/sieve/learn-spam.sieve
require ["vnd.dovecot.pipe", "copy", "imapsieve"]; pipe :copy "rspamd-learn-spam.sh";
/etc/dovecot/sieve/learn-ham.sieve
require ["vnd.dovecot.pipe", "copy", "imapsieve"]; pipe :copy "rspamd-learn-ham.sh";
/etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext
driver = mysql connect = host=/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock dbname=MAIL user=mailuser password=<password> default_pass_scheme = SHA256-CRYPT password_query = SELECT email as user, password FROM virtual_users WHERE email='%u';
/etc/dovecot/sieve/rspamd-learn-spam.sh
#!/usr/bin/env sh exec /usr/bin/rspamc learn_spam
/etc/dovecot/sieve/rspamd-learn-ham.sh
#!/usr/bin/env sh exec /usr/bin/rspamc learn_ham
sudo sievec /etc/dovecot/sieve-after/spam-to-folder.sieve
sudo sievec /etc/dovecot/sieve/learn-spam.sieve
sudo sievec /etc/dovecot/sieve/learn-ham.sieve
sudo chown root:root /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext
sudo chmod 600 /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext
sudo chmod 600 /etc/dovecot/sieve/learn-{spam,ham}.sieve
sudo chmod 700 /etc/dovecot/sieve/rspamd-learn-{spam,ham}.sh
sudo chown vmail:vmail /etc/dovecot/sieve/learn-{spam,ham}.sieve
sudo chown vmail:vmail /etc/dovecot/sieve/rspamd-learn-{spam,ham}.sh
Final Postfix Configuration
sudo postconf virtual_transport=lmtp:unix:private/dovecot-lmtp
sudo postconf smtpd_sasl_type=dovecot
sudo postconf smtpd_sasl_path=private/auth
sudo postconf smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
sudo postconf smtpd_tls_security_level=may
sudo postconf smtpd_tls_auth_only=yes
sudo postconf smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/letsencrypt/live/<domain>/fullchain.pem
sudo postconf smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/letsencrypt/live/<domain>/privkey.pem
sudo postconf smtp_tls_security_level=may
sudo postconf smtpd_milters=inet:127.0.0.1:11332
sudo postconf non_smtpd_milters=inet:127.0.0.1:11332
sudo postconf milter_protocol=6
sudo postconf milter_mail_macros="i {mail_addr} {client_addr} {client_name} {auth_authen}"
/etc/postfix/master.cf
... submission inet n - - - - smtpd -o syslog_name=postfix/submission -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes -o smtpd_sasl_type=dovecot -o smtpd_sasl_path=private/auth -o smtpd_sasl_security_options=noanonymous -o smtpd_sender_login_maps=mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-email2email.cf -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=reject_sender_login_mismatch -o smtpd_sasl_local_domain=$myhostname -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=reject_non_fqdn_recipient,reject_unknown_recipient_domain,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject ...
Rspamd
sudo mkdir /etc/rspamd/conf.d
/etc/rspamd/override.d/milter_headers.conf
extended_spam_headers = true;
/etc/rspamd/override.d/classifier-bayes.conf
autolearn = true;
sudo mkdir /var/lib/rspamd/dkim sudo chown _rspamd:_rspamd /var/lib/rspamd/dkim sudo rspamadm dkim_keygen -d <domain> -s $(date +%Y%m%d)
/var/lib/rspamd/dkim/<domain>.YYYYMMDD.key
-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY----- [base64 key] -----END PRIVATE KEY-----
The second part of the output of rspamadm dkim_keygen can be directly pasted into a DNS zone if you are running your own server. If you only have control of your domain name through a 3rd party:
| Type | Host | Value |
|---|---|---|
| TXT | @ | v=spf1 a mx ip4:<ip-address> -all |
| TXT | _dmarc | v=DMARC1; p=none; sp=none; rf=afrf; pct=100; ri=86400 |
| TXT | YYYYMMDD._domainkey | v=DKIM1; k=rsa; p=AaBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIiJjKkLlMmNnOoPpQqRrSsTtUuVvWwXxYyZz0123456789... |
/etc/rspamd/local.d/dkim_signing.conf
path = "/var/lib/rspamd/dkim/$domain.$selector.key"; selector_map = "/etc/rspamd/dkim_selectors.map";
/etc/rspamd/dkim_selectors.map
<domain> YYYYMMDD
sudo systemctl enable --now rspamd
PHP-FPM
Look for and edit the following lines in /etc/php/php.ini:
/etc/php/php.ini
[PHP] open_basedir = /srv/http/:/home/:/tmp/:/usr/share/pear/:/usr/share/webapps/:/dev/urandom:/proc/meminfo include_path = ".:/php/includes:/usr/share/pear" upload_max_filesize = 8M extension=apcu extension=dba extension=exif extension=gd extension=gettext extension=iconv extension=imagick extension=imap extension=intl extension=sodium extension=ldap extension=mysqli zend_extension=opcache extension=pdo_mysql extension=soap [Date] date.timezone = <timezone> [Pdo_mysql] pdo_mysql.cache_size = 2000 [opcache] opcache.enable=1 opcache.enable_cli=1 opcache.memory_consumption=128 opcache.interned_strings_buffer=8 opcache.max_accelerated_files=10000 opcache.revalidate_freq=1 opcache.save_comments=1
tmpfs for PHP Sessions
/etc/php/php.ini
[Session] session.save_path = "/srv/phptmp"
Find the id and gid of the mysql user and group:
$ id mysql
uid=27(mysql) gid=27(mysql) groups=27(mysql)
/etc/fstab
# Static information about the filesystems. # See fstab(5) for details. # <file system> <dir> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> ... tmpfs /srv/phptmp tmpfs rw,noatime,gid=27,uid=27,size=100M,mode=0750 0 0 ...
Then make sure the php-fpm service is enabled and running:
sudo systemctl enable --now php-fpm
Nginx
Main Configuration
First, edit /etc/nginx/nginx.conf:
/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user http;
worker_processes 1; # one(1) worker or equal the number of _real_ cpu cores. 4=4 core cpu
worker_priority 15; # renice workers to reduce priority compared to system processes for machine health. Worst case nginx will get ~25% system resources at nice=15
worker_rlimit_nofile 1024; # maximum number of open files
worker_cpu_affinity auto;
events {
multi_accept on;
accept_mutex on; # serially accept() connections and pass to workers, efficient if workers gt 1
accept_mutex_delay 500ms; # worker process will accept mutex after this delay if not assigned. (default 500ms)
worker_connections 1024; # number of parallel or concurrent connections per worker_processes
}
http {
charset utf-8;
aio on; # asynchronous file I/O, fast with ZFS, make sure sendfile=off
sendfile off; # on for decent direct disk IO, off for VMs
tcp_nopush off; # turning on requires sendfile=on
tcp_nodelay on; # Nagle buffering algorithm, used for keepalive only
server_tokens off; # version number in error pages
log_not_found off;
types_hash_max_size 4096;
# MIME
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
# logging
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
# SSL
ssl_session_timeout 1440m;
ssl_session_cache shared:le_nginx_SSL:10m;
ssl_session_tickets off;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers off;
# Diffie-Hellman parameter for DHE ciphersuites
ssl_dhparam /etc/letsencrypt/ssl-dhparams.pem;
# Mozilla Intermediate configuration
ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
ssl_ciphers ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384;
# OCSP Stapling
ssl_stapling on;
ssl_stapling_verify on;
resolver 1.1.1.1 1.0.0.1 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 208.67.222.222 208.67.220.220 valid=60s;
resolver_timeout 2s;
# Size Limits
#client_body_buffer_size 8k;
#client_header_buffer_size 1k;
client_max_body_size 16M;
#large_client_header_buffers 4 4k/8k;
## From StackOverflow: for "upstream sent too big header while reading response header from upstream"
fastcgi_buffers 8 16k;
fastcgi_buffer_size 32k;
# Timeouts, do not keep connections open longer then necessary to reduce
# resource usage and deny Slowloris type attacks.
client_body_timeout 5s; # maximum time between packets the client can pause when sending nginx any data
client_header_timeout 5s; # maximum time the client has to send the entire header to nginx
keepalive_timeout 75s; # timeout which a single keep-alive client connection will stay open
send_timeout 15s; # maximum time between packets nginx is allowed to pause when sending the client data
## General Options
gzip off; # disable on the fly gzip compression due to higher latency, only use gzip_static
#gzip_http_version 1.0; # serve gzipped content to all clients including HTTP/1.0
gzip_static on; # precompress content (gzip -9) with an external script
#gzip_vary on; # send response header "Vary: Accept-Encoding"
gzip_proxied any; # allows compressed responses for any request even from proxies
ignore_invalid_headers on;
keepalive_requests 50; # number of requests per connection, does not affect SPDY
keepalive_disable none; # allow all browsers to use keepalive connections
max_ranges 1; # allow a single range header for resumed downloads and to stop large range header DoS attacks
msie_padding off;
open_file_cache max=1000 inactive=2h;
open_file_cache_errors on;
open_file_cache_min_uses 1;
open_file_cache_valid 1h;
output_buffers 1 512;
postpone_output 1440; # postpone sends to match our machine's MSS
read_ahead 512K; # kernel read head set to the output_buffers
recursive_error_pages on;
reset_timedout_connection on; # reset timed out connections freeing ram
server_name_in_redirect off; # if off, nginx will use the requested Host header
source_charset utf-8; # same value as "charset"
## Request limits
limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=gulag:1m rate=60r/m;
## Log Format
log_format main '$remote_addr $host $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" $status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" $ssl_cipher $request_time';
# load configs
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*.conf;
}
Make the sites-available and sites-enabled directories.
sudo mkdir /etc/nginx/sites-{available,enabled}
Non-Proxied Web Site
Create a Web Root
sudo mkdir /srv/http/<domain>
If you don't have anything to put into the directory for the site, create an index.php file.
/srv/http/<domain>/index.php
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>Server Configuration Confirmation</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> </head> <body style="font-family:sans-serif;"> <h1>Web server is properly configured!</h1> <?php echo "<h2>PHP is properly configured as well!</h2>" ?> <p>Time to add some content!</p> </body> </html>
Configuration
Make a site available by creating /etc/nginx/sites-available/<domain>.conf:
Note: Remove the
#s after setting up Let's Encrypt./etc/nginx/sites-available/<domain>.conf
server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
server_name <domain>;
# return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
#
#}
#
#server {
#
# listen 443 ssl http2;
# listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
# server_name <domain>;
#
# ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/<domain>/fullchain.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/<domain>/privkey.pem;
# ssl_trusted_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/<domain>/chain.pem;
#
# fastcgi_param HTTPS on;
#
# add_header Strict-Transport-Security max-age=15768000;
root /srv/http/$host;
index index.html index.php;
add_header Cache-Control "public";
add_header X-Frame-Options "DENY";
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main buffer=32k;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log error;
limit_req zone=gulag burst=200 nodelay;
# ACME challenge
location ^~ /.well-known {
allow all;
alias /var/lib/letsencrypt/$host/.well-known;
default_type "text/plain";
try_files $uri =404;
}
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
}
location ~ /(data|conf|bin|inc)/ {
deny all;
}
location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|gif|css|png|js|ico|html)$ {
access_log off;
expires max;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
try_files $uri = 404;
fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi.conf;
}
location ~ /\.ht {
deny all;
}
}
Proxied Web Site
Rspamd comes with its own web interface. Configuring it is similar to a non-proxied site.
Note: Remove the
#s after setting up Let's Encrypt./etc/nginx/sites-available/<domain>.conf
server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
server_name <domain>;
# return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
#
#}
#
#server {
#
# listen 443 ssl http2;
# listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
# server_name <domain>;
#
# ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/<domain>/fullchain.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/<domain>/privkey.pem;
# ssl_trusted_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/<domain>/chain.pem;
#
# add_header Strict-Transport-Security max-age=15768000;
root /srv/http/$host;
index index.html index.php;
add_header Cache-Control "public";
add_header X-Frame-Options "DENY";
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main buffer=32k;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log error;
limit_req zone=gulag burst=200 nodelay;
# ACME challenge
location ^~ /.well-known {
allow all;
alias /var/lib/letsencrypt/$host/.well-known;
default_type "text/plain";
try_files $uri =404;
}
location / {
proxy_pass http://localhost:11334;
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_set_header X-NginX-Proxy true;
auth_basic "Username and Password Required";
auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/htpasswd;
}
}
Basic Authorization
Some proxied sites have inadequate or no authentication method of their own. Sometimes you may wish to provide an additional "bump in the road" for site access. Nginx can use an htpasswd file to control access.
sudo htpasswd -c /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/htpasswd <user>
You will then be prompted for a password, and to confirm the password. When finished, htpasswd will create the file.
/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/htpasswd
<username>:<password-hash>
Tip: To update the file with more users or new passwords, omit the
-c parameter.To use Basic Authentication with nginx, put these lines in the appropriate server or location stanzas:
auth_basic "Restricted By Username and Password"; auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/htpasswd;
SSL Certificate Authorization
/etc/ssl/openssl.cnf
[ CA_default ] dir = /srv/ssl # Where everything is kept certificate = $dir/ca.cert # The CA certificate private_key = $dir/private/ca.key # The private key RNDFILE = $dir/private/.rand # The private random number file default_md = sha1 # use public key default MD
sudo mkdir -p /etc/ssl/ca/{certs,crl,private}
sudo mkdir /etc/ssl/ca/ca/certs/users
sudo touch /etc/ssl/ca/index.txt
echo ’01’ | sudo tee /etc/ssl/ca/crlnumber
Create the server certificates
sudo openssl genrsa -des3 -out /srv/ssl/ca/private/ca.key 4096 sudo openssl req -new -x509 -days 1095 -key /srv/ssl/ca/private/ca.key -out /etc/ssl/ca/certs/ca.crt sudo openssl ca -name CA_default -gencrl -keyfile /srv/ssl/ca/private/ca.key -cert /srv/ssl/ca/certs/ca.crt -out /srv/ssl/ca/private/ca.crl -crldays 1095
Create user certificates
Tip: The first two password prompts will be for the signing request. The final one will be for the password for the certificate the user will import into their browser.
Tip: You can put this into a script to make it easier to issue new certificates.
sudo export USRCRTDR="/srv/ssl/ca/certs/users"
sudo openssl genrsa -des3 -out ${USRCRTDR}/USERNAME.key 1024
sudo openssl req -new -key ${USRCRTDR}/USERNAME.key -out ${USRCRTDR}/USERNAME.csr
sudo openssl x509 -req -days 1095 -in ${USRCRTDR}/USERNAME.csr -CA /etc/ssl/ca/certs/ca.crt -CAkey /etc/ssl/ca/private/ca.key -CAserial /etc/ssl/ca/serial -CAcreateserial -out ${USRCRTDR}/USERNAME.crt
sudo openssl pkcs12 -export -clcerts -in ${USRCRTDR}/USERNAME.crt -inkey ${USRCRTDR}/USERNAME.key -out ${USRCRTDR}/USERNAME.p12
If you want to use certificate authorization in nginx, add these lines to the appropriate server stanzas:
ssl_client_certificate /srv/ssl/certs/ca.crt; ssl_crl /srv/ssl/private/ca.crl; ssl_verify_client on;
Finalization
Enable your sites by using symlinks in sites-enabled that point to the conf files in sites-available
sudo ln -s ../sites-available/<domain>.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/<domain>.conf
Then make sure the nginx service is enabled and running:
sudo systemctl enable --now nginx
Let's Encrypt
sudo certbot certonly --nginx --agree-tos
The nginx plugin will guide you and help automate the process.
Take note that the nginx configuration in this guide takes into account the settings suggested by certbot.
Automatic Renewal
These will automatically renew your certificates every 2 months on the first Sunday of the month at 4am.
Systemd
/etc/systemd/system/certbot.service
[Unit] Description=Let's Encrypt renewal [Service] Type=oneshot ExecStart=/usr/bin/certbot renew --agree-tos --no-redirect
/etc/systemd/system/certbot.timer
[Unit] Description=Bi-monthly renewal of Let's Encrypt's certificates [Timer] OnCalendar=Sun *-1,3,5,7,9,11-1..7 04:00:00 RandomizedDelaySec=1h Persistent=true [Install] WantedBy=timers.target
Crontab
0 4 1-7 2-12/2 0 /usr/bin/certbot renew --agree-tos --no-redirect
ISPmail Admin
Start with the Non-Proxied Web Site template.
Then, in the site's root:
sudo wget 'https://www.ima.jungclaussen.com/dwn/dwn.php?v=0.9.6&f=.tar.gz' sudo tar -xvf 'dwn.php?v=0.9.6&f=.tar.gz' sudo mv ispmail*/htdocs/* ./ sudo rm -r 'dwn.php?v=0.9.6&f=.tar.gz' ispmail*
Then edit the configuration file:
<ispmail_root>/cfg/config.inc.php
<?php
// @package ISPmail_Admin
// @author Ole Jungclaussen
// @version 0.9.0
// SHOW PHP ERRORS (DEBUGGING)
// ini_set('display_startup_errors', 1);
// ini_set('display_errors', 1);
// error_reporting(-1);
// DATABASE ACCESS
define('IMA_CFG_DB_HOST', '127.0.0.1');
define('IMA_CFG_DB_PORT', '3306');
define('IMA_CFG_DB_USER', 'mailadmin');
define('IMA_CFG_DB_PASSWORD', '<password>');
define('IMA_CFG_DB_DATABASE', 'MAIL');
// PASSWORD HASHES (enable only *one*)
define('IMA_CFG_USE_SHA256_HASHES', true);
// define('IMA_CFG_USE_MD5_HASHES', true);
// ACCESS CONTROL: uncomment the type you want to use.
define('IMA_CFG_LOGIN', IMA_LOGINTYPE_ACCOUNT);
// define('IMA_CFG_LOGIN', IMA_LOGINTYPE_ADM);
// define('IMA_CFG_LOGIN', IMA_LOGINTYPE_ADMAUTO);
// ADMINISTRATOR'S NAME AND PASSWORD
define('IMA_CFG_ADM_USER', 'admin'); // admin username
define('IMA_CFG_ADM_PASS', '<password>'); // admin password
// LISTS
// Spread long lists on multiple pages. Set number of maximum entries
// per page. Changes take effect after login/logout. If not defined,
// defaults to 65535.
// define('IMA_LIST_MAX_ENTRIES', 200);
?>
After finalization you should now be able to log in and set up your virtual mailboxes.
Rainloop
Start with the Non-Proxied Web Site template.
Change the following sections of the nginx conf file:
/etc/nginx/sites-available/<domain>.conf
...
location ~ /data {
deny all;
}
...
location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi.conf;
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(.*)$;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
}
...
Download Rainloop
sudo cd /srv/http/<domain> sudo wget https://www.rainloop.net/repository/webmail/rainloop-community-latest.zip
Extract the zip file
sudo unzip rainloop-community-latest.zip
Set the correct permissions on the files
sudo find . -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \;
sudo find . -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \;
Set the correct owner on the whole web root
sudo chown -R http:http /srv/http/<dir>
After you finalize the setup, you should now be able to access the Admini Panel at http://<domain>/?admin. The default login is admin:12345
From the Admin Panel, add your domain under Domains. Use the public-facing domain for the Name, and localhost for the IMAP and SMTP servers.
Under Login, set the Default Domain to localhost.
Optionally, you can enable contacts. You will need to manually set up a database and user, but that is the only configuration needed to do on your part.
For Security, you should enable all of the Security options. You should also change the Admin Panel Access Credentials.
Click on the power-off icon in the upper-right corner to finish with the Admin Panel.
Navigate to http://<domain> to log in and access your mail.
OnlyOffice Document Server
On Arch, OnlyOffice can be installed via an AUR package, with Docker, or with Snap.
AUR Package
The AUR package was broken at the time of this writing.
Snap
Snap did not work for me. However, this might have been due to the Snap's Redis service conflicting with that of the host's.
Docker
The Docker version requires PostreSQL, RabbitMQ, and Redis to be set up. Be sure to install and configure those first.
Once that is complete, set up the database and database user.
sudo -u postgres psql -c "CREATE DATABASE onlyoffice;" sudo -u postgres psql -c "CREATE USER onlyoffice WITH password 'onlyoffice';" sudo -u postgres psql -c "GRANT ALL privileges ON DATABASE onlyoffice TO onlyoffice;"
Create the following directories.
sudo mkdir /var/{lib,log}/onlyoffice
Issue one command to download and start the Docker instance.
sudo docker run -i -t -d -p [port]:80 --restart=always \ -v /app/onlyoffice/DocumentServer/logs:/var/log/onlyoffice \ -v /app/onlyoffice/DocumentServer/lib:/var/lib/onlyoffice \ -v /app/onlyoffice/DocumentServer/db:/srv/psql onlyoffice/documentserver
Configure nginx to act as a proxy
/etc/nginx/sites-available/<domain>
upstream docservice {
server <docker-ip>:8888;
}
map $http_host $this_host {
"" $host;
default $http_host;
}
map $http_x_forwarded_proto $the_scheme {
default $http_x_forwarded_proto;
"" $scheme;
}
map $http_x_forwarded_host $the_host {
default $http_x_forwarded_host;
"" $this_host;
}
map $http_upgrade $proxy_connection {
default upgrade;
"" close;
}
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
proxy_set_header Connection $proxy_connection;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $the_host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $the_scheme;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
server_name <domain>;
server_tokens off;
rewrite ^ https://$host$request_uri? permanent;
}
server {
listen 443 ssl http2;
listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
server_name ods.bwt.com.de;
server_tokens off;
ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/<domain>/fullchain.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/<domain>/privkey.pem;
ssl_trusted_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/<domain>/chain.pem;
add_header Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;
# add_header X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN;
add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main buffer=32k;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log error;
limit_req zone=gulag burst=200 nodelay;
# ACME challenge
location ^~ /.well-known {
allow all;
alias /var/lib/letsencrypt/$host/.well-known;
default_type "text/plain";
try_files $uri =404;
}
location / {
proxy_pass http://docservice;
proxy_http_version 1.1;
}
}
After finalizing, you should now be able to navigate to https://<domain> and see the OnlyOffice Document Server welcome page with a green checkmark indicating everything is running properly.
