Arch Post-Installation Checklist: Difference between revisions

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= Passwords & User Creation =
= Passwords & User Creation =


Make sure <code>root</code> has a password.
Make sure {{ic|root}} has a password.


Make sure you have a primary user set up.
Make sure you have a primary user set up.


# useradd -m -u <id -ge 1000> -g users -G wheel,games,video,audio,optical,storage,scanner,power <user>
{{bc|
# passwd <user>
sudo useradd -m -u <id -ge 1000> -g users -G wheel,games,video,audio,optical,storage,scanner,power <user>
sudo passwd <user>
}}


= /etc/fstab =
= /etc/fstab =
Line 12: Line 14:
= Time Zone =
= Time Zone =


# ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/<region>/<city> /etc/localtime
{{bc|
# hwclock --systohc
sudo ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/<region>/<city> /etc/localtime
sudo hwclock --systohc
}}


= Localization =
= Localization =


Un-comment your desired locales in <code>/etc/locale.conf</code>, then run
Un-comment your desired locales in {{ic|/etc/locale.conf}}, then run


# locale-gen
{{bc|sudo locale-gen}}


If you don't have the default <code>/etc/locale.gen</code> file:
If you don't have the default {{ic|/etc/locale.gen}} file:


# rm /etc/locale.gen
{{bc|
# pacman -Syu glibc
sudo rm /etc/locale.gen
sudo pacman -Syu glibc
}}


Edit <code>/etc/locale.conf</code> as you see fit
Edit {{ic|/etc/locale.conf}} as you see fit


LANG=en_US.UTF-8
{{hc|/etc/locale.conf|2=
LANGUAGE=en_US
<nowiki>LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LC_COLLATE=POSIX
LANGUAGE=en_US
LC_MESSAGES=C
LC_COLLATE=POSIX
LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8
LC_MESSAGES=C
LC_NUMERIC=en_US.UTF-8
LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8
LC_TIME=en_US.UTF-8
LC_NUMERIC=en_US.UTF-8
LC_MONETARY=en_US.UTF-8
LC_TIME=en_US.UTF-8
LC_PAPER=en_US.UTF-8
LC_MONETARY=en_US.UTF-8
LC_NAME=en_US.UTF-8
LC_PAPER=en_US.UTF-8
LC_ADDRESS=en_US.UTF-8
LC_NAME=en_US.UTF-8
LC_TELEPHONE=en_US.UTF-8
LC_ADDRESS=en_US.UTF-8
LC_MEASUREMENT=en_US.UTF-8
LC_TELEPHONE=en_US.UTF-8
LC_IDENTIFICATION=en_US.UTF-8
LC_MEASUREMENT=en_US.UTF-8
LC_IDENTIFICATION=en_US.UTF-8</nowiki>
}}


Set up <code>/etc/vconsole.conf</code> with a keymap and (optionally) a font:
Set up {{ic|/etc/vconsole.conf}} with a keymap and (optionally) a font:


KEYMAP=us
{{hc|/etc/vconsole.conf|2=
FONT=Lat2-Terminus16
KEYMAP=us
FONT=Lat2-Terminus16
}}


= Initramfs =
= Initramfs =
Line 52: Line 62:
Look for and edit the following lines:
Look for and edit the following lines:


MODULES=([amdgpu|bochs_drm|cirrus|i915|nouveau|(nvidia nvidia_modeset nvidia_uvm nvidia_drm)] [ehci_pci usb_storage]>)
{{hc|/etc/mkinitcpio.conf|2=
HOOKS=(base udev autodetect modconf block [zfs] filesystems keyboard fsck [encrypt] keymap consolefont)
<nowiki>MODULES=([amdgpu|bochs_drm|cirrus|i915|nouveau|(nvidia nvidia_modeset nvidia_uvm nvidia_drm)] [ehci_pci usb_storage]>)
COMPRESSION=lz4
HOOKS=(base udev autodetect modconf block [zfs] filesystems keyboard fsck [encrypt] keymap consolefont)
COMPRESSION=lz4</nowiki>
}}


= Networking =
= Networking =
Line 60: Line 72:
== Host Name ==
== Host Name ==


Make sure a host name is set in <code>/etc/hostname</code>
Make sure a host name is set in {{ic|/etc/hostname}}


Then edit <code>/etc/hosts</code>
Then edit {{ic|/etc/hosts}}


127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain locahost
{{hc|/etc/hosts|2=
::1 localhost.localdomain localhost
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain locahost
127.0.1.1 <hostname>.localdomain <hostname>
::1 localhost.localdomain localhost
127.0.1.1 <hostname>.localdomain <hostname>
}}


== Static Addressing ==
== Static Addressing ==


Use <code>systemd-networkd</code> when a machine will use a static address without consulting a DHCP server.
Use {{ic|systemd-networkd}} when a machine will use a static address without consulting a DHCP server.


=== IPv4 Only ===
=== IPv4 Only ===


[Match]
{{hc|/etc/systemd/network/network.network|2=
MACAddress=<mac-address>
[Match]
[Network]
MACAddress=<mac-address>
Address=<ipv4-address>/<mask>
[Network]
DNS=<ipv4-address>
Address=<ipv4-address>/<mask>
Gateway=<ipv4-address>
DNS=<ipv4-address>
LinkLocalAddressing=no
Gateway=<ipv4-address>
IPv6AcceptRA=no
LinkLocalAddressing=no
IPv6AcceptRA=no
}}


=== IPv4 & IPv6 ===
=== IPv4 & IPv6 ===


[Match]
{{hc|/etc/systemd/network/network.network|2=
MACAddress=<mac-address>
[Match]
[Network]
MACAddress=<mac-address>
Address=<ipv6-address>/<mask>
[Network]
DNS=<ipv6-address>
Address=<ipv6-address>/<mask>
Gateway=<ipv6-address>
DNS=<ipv6-address>
Address=<ipv4-address>/<mask>
Gateway=<ipv6-address>
DNS=<ipv4-address>
Address=<ipv4-address>/<mask>
Gateway=<ipv4-address>
DNS=<ipv4-address>
Gateway=<ipv4-address>
}}


=== Dynamic Addressing ===
=== Dynamic Addressing ===


It's preferable to use <code>connman</code> or <code>Network Manager</code> for dynamic addresses as <code>systemd-networkd</code> doesn't play well with interfaces coming and going.
It's preferable to use {{ic|connman}} or {{ic|Network Manager}} for dynamic addresses as {{ic|systemd-networkd}} doesn't play well with interfaces coming and going.


If you'd rather use <code>systemd-networkd</code> for DHCP:
If you'd rather use {{ic|systemd-networkd}} for DHCP:


[Match]
{{hc|/etc/systemd/network/network.network|2=
MACAddress=<mac-address>
[Match]
[Network]
MACAddress=<mac-address>
DHCP=yes
[Network]
[DHCP]
DHCP=yes
UseMTU=true
[DHCP]
UseMTU=true
}}


== IPTables Firewall ==
= Packages =


# SIMPLE STATEFUL FIREWALL
== Mirror List ==
*filter
:INPUT DROP [0:0]
:FORWARD DROP [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [100308:88697975]
:TCP - [0:0]
:UDP - [0:0]
-A INPUT -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 8 -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j DROP
-A INPUT -p udp -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -j UDP
-A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,ACK SYN -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -j TCP
-A INPUT -p udp -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
-A INPUT -p tcp -j REJECT --reject-with tcp-reset
-A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-proto-unreachable
# OPEN NECESSARY PORTS HERE
-A TCP -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -m comment --comment "ssh"
-A TCP -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -m comment --comment "http"
-A TCP -p tcp -m tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT -m comment --comment "https"
-A TCP -p tcp -m tcp --dport 465 -j ACCEPT -m comment --comment "smtp secure"
-A TCP -p tcp -m tcp --dport 873 -j ACCEPT  -m comment --comment "rsync"
-A TCP -p tcp -m tcp --dport 993 -j ACCEPT -m comment --comment "imap secure"
-A TCP -p tcp -m tcp --dport 3000 -j ACCEPT -m comment --comment "cryptpad http"
-A TCP -p tcp -m tcp --dport 3001 -j ACCEPT -m comment --comment "cryptpad safe http"
-A TCP -p tcp -m tcp --dport 64738 -j ACCEPT -m comment --comment "mumble tcp"
-A UDP -p udp -m udp --dport 64738 -j ACCEPT -m comment --comment "mumble udp"
COMMIT


= Pacman =
Install and use {{ic|reflector}} to automate the use and selection of mirrors.


# pacman -Syu reflector
{{bc|
# reflector -c <country> -p https -l 5 --sort rate --save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
sudo pacman -Syu reflector
# pacman -Syu
sudo reflector -c <country> -p https -l 5 --sort rate --save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
}}


= SSH Setup =
== Yay ==


Look for and edit the following lines:
Make sure you have the {{ic|base-devel}} group installed.
 
{{bc|sudo pacman -Syu --needed base-devel git}}
 
Create a directory where AUR build files will go
 
{{bc|1=
sudo mkdir /var/lib/pacman/aur
sudo chmod 1777 /var/lib/pacman/aur
mkdir /var/lib/pacman/aur/$(whoami)
}}
 
Build {{ic|yay}}.
 
{{bc|1=<nowiki>
cd /var/lib/pacman/aur/$(whoami)
git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/yay.git
cd yay
makepkg -Ccisr
</nowiki>}}
 
The create the configuration file.
 
{{hc|~/.config/yay/config.json|2=
{
"aururl": "https://aur.archlinux.org",
"buildDir": "/var/lib/pacman/aur/$USER",
"editor": "nano",
"editorflags": "",
"makepkgbin": "makepkg",
"makepkgconf": "",
"pacmanbin": "pacman",
"pacmanconf": "/etc/pacman.conf",
"tarbin": "bsdtar",
"redownload": "no",
"rebuild": "no",
"answerclean": "none",
"answerdiff": "all",
"answeredit": "",
"answerupgrade": "0",
"gitbin": "git",
"gpgbin": "gpg",
"gpgflags": "",
"mflags": "",
"sortby": "votes",
"gitflags": "",
"removemake": "yes",
"requestsplitn": 150,
"sortmode": 0,
"completionrefreshtime": 7,
"sudoloop": false,
"timeupdate": false,
"devel": true,
"cleanAfter": false,
"gitclone": true,
"provides": true,
"pgpfetch": true,
"upgrademenu": true,
"cleanmenu": true,
"diffmenu": true,
"editmenu": true,
"combinedupgrade": false,
"useask": false
}
}}
 
== General Utilities ==
 
These packages supplement the base system.
 
{{bc|yay -Syu --needed adduser archey3 arj bind-tools bzip2 dmidecode dnsutils fail2ban git haveged htop hwdetect inxi iotop lshw lzop nano ncdu openssh p7zip pacman-contrib perl-rename pkgfile polkit ranger rsync strace sudo tmux unrar unzip vim whois zip}}
 
If you are not running inside a VM, you may also wish to add these packages:
 
{{bc|yay -Syu hddtemp lm_sensors memtest86+ smartmontools}}
 
The {{ic|havaged}} service can be enabled and started right away as no configuration is needed.


Port <port>
{{bc|sudo systemctl enable --now haveged}}
AddressFamily <any|inet|inet6>
ListenAddress <ip4-address>
ListenAddress <ip6-address>
LogLevel VERBOSE
PermitRootLogin prohibit-password
PubkeyAuthentication yes
PasswordAuthentication no
PermitEmptyPasswords no
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no
UsePAM yes
AllowUsers <space-separated-list-of-users>
AllowAgentForwarding no
AllowTcpForwarding no


= Nginx =
Your sensors need to be configured before starting the {{ic|lm_sensors}} service.


# pacman -Syu nginx
{{note|This package is useless inside a VM.}}


Then edit <code>/etc/nginx/nginx.conf</code>:
{{bc|
sudo sensors-detect
sudo systemctl enable --now lm_sensors
}}


user                            http;
Don't start {{ic|fail2ban}} or {{ic|sshd}} quite yet as they have configuration that needs to be done.
worker_processes                1;      # one(1) worker or equal the number of _real_ cpu cores. 4=4 core cpu
worker_priority                15;    # renice workers to reduce priority compared to system processes for machine health.  Worst case nginx will get ~25% system resources at nice=15
worker_rlimit_nofile            1024;  # maximum number of open files
events {
  multi_accept                  on;
  worker_connections            1024;  # number of parallel or concurrent connections per worker_processes
  worker_cpu_affinity          auto;
  accept_mutex                  on;    # serially accept() connections and pass to workers, efficient if workers gt 1
  accept_mutex_delay            500ms;  # worker process will accept mutex after this delay if not assigned. (default 500ms)
}
http {
  charset                      utf-8;
  aio                          on;    # asynchronous file I/O, fast with ZFS, make sure sendfile=off
  sendfile                      off;    # on for decent direct disk IO, off for VMs
  tcp_nopush                    off;    # turning on requires sendfile=on
  tcp_nodelay                  on;    # Nagle buffering algorithm, used for keepalive only
  server_tokens                off;    # version number in error pages
  log_not_found                off;
  types_hash_max_size          4096;
  client_max_body_size          16M;
  # MIME
  include                      mime.types;
  default_type                  application/octet-stream;
  # logging
  access_log                    /var/log/nginx/access.log;
  error_log                    /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
 
  # SSL
  ssl_session_timeout          1d;
  ssl_session_cache            shared:SSL:10m;
  ssl_session_tickets          off;
 
  # Diffie-Hellman parameter for DHE ciphersuites
  ssl_dhparam                  /etc/nginx/dhparam.pem;
  # Mozilla Intermediate configuration
  ssl_protocols                TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
  ssl_ciphers                  ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384;
  # OCSP Stapling
  ssl_stapling                  on;
  ssl_stapling_verify          on;
  resolver                      1.1.1.1 1.0.0.1 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 208.67.222.222 208.67.220.220 valid=60s;
  resolver_timeout              2s;
  # Size Limits
  #client_body_buffer_size      8k;
  #client_header_buffer_size    1k;
  client_max_body_size          10M;
  #large_client_header_buffers  4 4k/8k;
  ## From StackOverflow: for "upstream sent too big header while reading response header from upstream"
  fastcgi_buffers              8 16k;
  fastcgi_buffer_size          32k;
  # Timeouts, do not keep connections open longer then necessary to reduce
  # resource usage and deny Slowloris type attacks.
  client_body_timeout          5s;  # maximum time between packets the client can pause when sending nginx any data
  client_header_timeout        5s;  # maximum time the client has to send the entire header to nginx
  keepalive_timeout            75s;  # timeout which a single keep-alive client connection will stay open
  send_timeout                  15s;  # maximum time between packets nginx is allowed to pause when sending the client data
  ## General Options
  gzip                          off;    # disable on the fly gzip compression due to higher latency, only use gzip_static
  #gzip_http_version            1.0;    # serve gzipped content to all clients including HTTP/1.0
  gzip_static                  on;    # precompress content (gzip -9) with an external script
  #gzip_vary                    on;    # send response header "Vary: Accept-Encoding"
  gzip_proxied                  any;    # allows compressed responses for any request even from proxies
  ignore_invalid_headers        on;
  keepalive_requests            50;    # number of requests per connection, does not affect SPDY
  keepalive_disable            none;  # allow all browsers to use keepalive connections
  max_ranges                    1;      # allow a single range header for resumed downloads and to stop large range header DoS attacks
  msie_padding                  off;
  open_file_cache              max=1000 inactive=2h;
  open_file_cache_errors        on;
  open_file_cache_min_uses      1;
  open_file_cache_valid        1h;
  output_buffers                1 512;
  postpone_output              1440;  # postpone sends to match our machine's MSS
  read_ahead                    512K;  # kernel read head set to the output_buffers
  recursive_error_pages        on;
  reset_timedout_connection    on;    # reset timed out connections freeing ram
  server_name_in_redirect      off;    # if off, nginx will use the requested Host header
  source_charset                utf-8;  # same value as "charset"
  types_hash_max_size          3072;
  ## Request limits
  limit_req_zone    $binary_remote_addr  zone=gulag:1m  rate=60r/m;
  ## Log Format
  log_format    main  '$remote_addr $host $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" $status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" $ssl_cipher $request_time';
  ## Deny access to any host other than (www.)mydomain.com. Only use this
  ## option is you want to lock down the name in the Host header the client sends.
  #server {
  #  server_name                "";  #default
  #  return                    444;
  #}
  # load configs
  include                      /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
  include                      sites-enabled/*.conf;
}

Latest revision as of 03:39, 28 December 2019

Passwords & User Creation

Make sure root has a password.

Make sure you have a primary user set up. 

sudo useradd -m -u <id -ge 1000> -g users -G wheel,games,video,audio,optical,storage,scanner,power <user>
sudo passwd <user>

/etc/fstab

Time Zone

sudo ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/<region>/<city> /etc/localtime
sudo hwclock --systohc

Localization

Un-comment your desired locales in /etc/locale.conf, then run 

sudo locale-gen

If you don't have the default /etc/locale.gen file: 

sudo rm /etc/locale.gen
sudo pacman -Syu glibc

Edit /etc/locale.conf as you see fit 

/etc/locale.conf
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LANGUAGE=en_US
LC_COLLATE=POSIX
LC_MESSAGES=C
LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8
LC_NUMERIC=en_US.UTF-8
LC_TIME=en_US.UTF-8
LC_MONETARY=en_US.UTF-8
LC_PAPER=en_US.UTF-8
LC_NAME=en_US.UTF-8
LC_ADDRESS=en_US.UTF-8
LC_TELEPHONE=en_US.UTF-8
LC_MEASUREMENT=en_US.UTF-8
LC_IDENTIFICATION=en_US.UTF-8

Set up /etc/vconsole.conf with a keymap and (optionally) a font: 

/etc/vconsole.conf
KEYMAP=us
FONT=Lat2-Terminus16

Initramfs

Look for and edit the following lines: 

/etc/mkinitcpio.conf
MODULES=([amdgpu|bochs_drm|cirrus|i915|nouveau|(nvidia nvidia_modeset nvidia_uvm nvidia_drm)] [ehci_pci usb_storage]>)
HOOKS=(base udev autodetect modconf block [zfs] filesystems keyboard fsck [encrypt] keymap consolefont)
COMPRESSION=lz4

Networking

Host Name

Make sure a host name is set in /etc/hostname

Then edit /etc/hosts 

/etc/hosts
127.0.0.1	localhost.localdomain	locahost
::1		localhost.localdomain	localhost
127.0.1.1	<hostname>.localdomain	<hostname>

Static Addressing

Use systemd-networkd when a machine will use a static address without consulting a DHCP server.

IPv4 Only

/etc/systemd/network/network.network
[Match]
MACAddress=<mac-address>
[Network]
Address=<ipv4-address>/<mask>
DNS=<ipv4-address>
Gateway=<ipv4-address>
LinkLocalAddressing=no
IPv6AcceptRA=no

IPv4 & IPv6

/etc/systemd/network/network.network
[Match]
MACAddress=<mac-address>
[Network]
Address=<ipv6-address>/<mask>
DNS=<ipv6-address>
Gateway=<ipv6-address>
Address=<ipv4-address>/<mask>
DNS=<ipv4-address>
Gateway=<ipv4-address>

Dynamic Addressing

It's preferable to use connman or Network Manager for dynamic addresses as systemd-networkd doesn't play well with interfaces coming and going.

If you'd rather use systemd-networkd for DHCP: 

/etc/systemd/network/network.network
[Match]
MACAddress=<mac-address>
[Network]
DHCP=yes
[DHCP]
UseMTU=true

Packages

Mirror List

Install and use reflector to automate the use and selection of mirrors. 

sudo pacman -Syu reflector
sudo reflector -c <country> -p https -l 5 --sort rate --save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

Yay

Make sure you have the base-devel group installed. 

sudo pacman -Syu --needed base-devel git

Create a directory where AUR build files will go 

sudo mkdir /var/lib/pacman/aur
sudo chmod 1777 /var/lib/pacman/aur
mkdir /var/lib/pacman/aur/$(whoami)

Build yay. 

cd /var/lib/pacman/aur/$(whoami)
git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/yay.git
cd yay
makepkg -Ccisr

The create the configuration file. 

~/.config/yay/config.json
{
	"aururl": "https://aur.archlinux.org",
	"buildDir": "/var/lib/pacman/aur/$USER",
	"editor": "nano",
	"editorflags": "",
	"makepkgbin": "makepkg",
	"makepkgconf": "",
	"pacmanbin": "pacman",
	"pacmanconf": "/etc/pacman.conf",
	"tarbin": "bsdtar",
	"redownload": "no",
	"rebuild": "no",
	"answerclean": "none",
	"answerdiff": "all",
	"answeredit": "",
	"answerupgrade": "0",
	"gitbin": "git",
	"gpgbin": "gpg",
	"gpgflags": "",
	"mflags": "",
	"sortby": "votes",
	"gitflags": "",
	"removemake": "yes",
	"requestsplitn": 150,
	"sortmode": 0,
	"completionrefreshtime": 7,
	"sudoloop": false,
	"timeupdate": false,
	"devel": true,
	"cleanAfter": false,
	"gitclone": true,
	"provides": true,
	"pgpfetch": true,
	"upgrademenu": true,
	"cleanmenu": true,
	"diffmenu": true,
	"editmenu": true,
	"combinedupgrade": false,
	"useask": false
}

General Utilities

These packages supplement the base system. 

yay -Syu --needed adduser archey3 arj bind-tools bzip2 dmidecode dnsutils fail2ban git haveged htop hwdetect inxi iotop lshw lzop nano ncdu openssh p7zip pacman-contrib perl-rename pkgfile polkit ranger rsync strace sudo tmux unrar unzip vim whois zip

If you are not running inside a VM, you may also wish to add these packages: 

yay -Syu hddtemp lm_sensors memtest86+ smartmontools

The havaged service can be enabled and started right away as no configuration is needed. 

sudo systemctl enable --now haveged

Your sensors need to be configured before starting the lm_sensors service.

Note: This package is useless inside a VM.
sudo sensors-detect
sudo systemctl enable --now lm_sensors

Don't start fail2ban or sshd quite yet as they have configuration that needs to be done.

Retrieved from "https://wiki.bwt.com.de/index.php?title=Arch_Post-Installation_Checklist&oldid=392"